Skeletal deformities associated with nutritional congenital rickets in newborn lambs     

KE Dittmer  RE Morley  RL Smith 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):51-55

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A group of 545 pregnant rising 2-year-old Coopdale ewes on a Southland sheep farm were grazed over winter on a fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) crop. Subsequently, 45 out of approximately 750 lambs were born with a variety of skeletal deformities, including shortened limbs, varus and valgus angular limb deformities, palmar grade stance and cranial bowing of the carpus. Analysis of the crop showed the fodder beet contained a low percentage of phosphorus. In addition, 60 out of 460 rising 2-year-old ewes that had been grazed on the fodder beet crop as 1-year-olds had incisor abnormalities and malocclusion.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Two affected lambs (1-day-old and 3-days-old) with representative clinical signs examined postmortem were found to have markedly enlarged costochondral junctions, and noticeably enlarged long bone metaphyses. In addition, one lamb had a dense band of metaphyseal sclerosis beneath the physes of all long bones examined. Histopathological findings included small islands and columns of chondrocytes and eosinophilic cartilage matrix present in the metaphysis. Metaphyseal trabeculae were disorganised and often lined by accumulations of pale pink osteoid; similar pale pink osteoid was also present in the cortices. Unerupted molar teeth in the affected lambs lacked a layer of enamel, and the dentine was irregular with globular basophilia.

DIAGNOSIS: The gross and histopathological lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of rickets.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nutritional congenital rickets has not been previously diagnosed in sheep, but is a recognised disease of human infants with vitamin D deficient mothers. The rickets in affected lambs was most likely associated with phosphorus deficiency as a result of the pregnant ewes grazing fodder beet during gestation. While vitamin D deficiency was not definitively ruled out in these cases, practitioners are alerted to the possible effects of feeding phosphorus-deficient fodder beet to ewes for long periods during gestation and to 1-year-old sheep during important growth periods.  相似文献   

Dystocia in beef heifers: A review of genetic and nutritional influences     

RE Hickson  ST Morris  PR Kenyon  N Lopez-Villalobos 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):256-264

Breeding beef heifers for the first time at 15 months of age has potential to increase the efficiency of the beef breeding-cow herd. An increased incidence of dystocia in heifers calving at 2 years of age, compared to mature cows, is a major reason many farmers in New Zealand have not adopted the practice. The predominant type of dystocia affecting 2-year-old heifers is feto-maternal disproportion, a condition in which the fetus is too large relative to the size of the heifer's pelvis. Reducing birthweight of the calf is a means of reducing the incidence of dystocia. Birthweight and length of gestation are determined by genotype of the calf, maternal genetic effects and environmental effects.

Bulls with low estimated breeding values for birthweight have been selected for mating heifers; however, the positive genetic correlation between birthweight and mature weight meant that the progeny of these bulls tended to be lighter at finishing, making them less desirable in the beef industry. The genotype of the dam also plays a role in determining the risk of dystocia; the maternal ability of the dam to nurture the fetus influences birth- weight, and the dam's genetic potential for growth influences the size of her pelvic area. Heavy heifers tend to produce high- birthweight calves, counteracting the reduction in the incidence of dystocia resulting from the larger pelvis in larger heifers.

Manipulating feeding level during pregnancy offers an alternative method for manipulating the birthweight of calves. Little is known about the effects of nutrition in early gestation on placental development or birthweight of calves. No differences in the birthweight of calves have been observed in response to variation in feeding in mid-pregnancy, and variable responses in birthweight and the incidence of dystocia to feeding in the third trimester of pregnancy have been reported. Differences in birthweight have not always resulted in differences in the incidence of dystocia, primarily due to differences in liveweight of the heifer also induced by feeding regimens. Variability in the incidence of dystocia in response to feeding level in the third trimester of pregnancy makes it difficult to make recommendations for the feeding of heifers at this stage of gestation. More research is needed into the effects of nutrition in early gestation on fetal and placental development in cattle.  相似文献   

The Expression of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Porcine Ovarian Cells     

O Jablonska  RE Ciereszko 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(5):710-716

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A comparison of two combinations of xylazine-ketamine administered intramuscularly to alpacas and of reversal with tolazoline     

Prado TM  DuBois WR  Ko JC  Mandsager RE  Morgan GL 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(3):201-207

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time.Study designProspective randomized crossover study.AnimalsSix castrated male alpacas.MethodsEach alpaca received a low dose (LD) (0.8 mg kg⁻¹ xylazine and 8 mg kg⁻¹ ketamine IM) and high dose (HD) (1.2 mg kg⁻¹ xylazine and 12 mg kg⁻¹ ketamine IM) with a minimum of one week between trials. Time to sedation, duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia, pulse rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, blood-gases, and the electrocardiogram were monitored and recorded during anesthesia. With each treatment three alpacas were randomly selected to receive tolazoline (2 mg kg⁻¹ IM) after 30 minutes of lateral recumbency.ResultsOnset of sedation, lateral recumbency and analgesia was rapid with both treatments. The HD was able to provide ≥30 minutes of anesthesia in five of six alpacas. The LD provided ≥30 minutes of anesthesia in three of six alpacas. Respiratory depression and hypoxemia occurred with the HD treatment during the first 10 minutes of lateral recumbency: two animals were severely hypoxemic and received nasal oxygen for 5 minutes. Heart rate decreased, but there were no significant changes in arterial blood pressure. Tolazoline significantly shortened the duration of recumbency with the HD.ConclusionsThe HD provided more consistent clinical effects in alpacas than the LD. Intramuscular tolazoline shortened the duration of lateral recumbency in alpacas anesthetized with the HD combination.Clinical relevanceBoth doses of the combination were effective in providing restraint in alpacas and the duration of restraint was dose dependent. Supplemental oxygen should be available if using the HD and IM administration of tolazoline will shorten the recovery time.  相似文献   

Investigation of threatened arable weeds and their conservation status in Turkey     

C TÜRE  & H BÖCÜK 《Weed Research》2008,48(3):289-296

Agronomic operations carried out in arable lands may cause changes in weed populations and also decrease the number of animal species that depend on these weed species. An emerging paradigm is the conservation and sustainability of weed species. In this study, risk status of arable weeds in Turkey was evaluated and it was determined that 112 of them (76 endemic and 36 non-endemic species) were at risk according to the IUCN Red List. Turkey is extremely diverse, with over 3000 endemic plant species out of nearly 12 000 recorded. Considering endemic weeds, they are classified in the following risk categories: critically endangered (four weed species), endangered (EN) (six), vulnerable (VU) (14), near threatened (seven), least concern (41) and data deficient (DD) (four species). Among the non-endemic weeds, three species are EN, 31 VU and two are DD. The families with the highest threatened weed species are Scrophulariaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae. The identification of weed species in arable habitats and their risk status is a useful tool for assessing and monitoring how the sustainability of weed populations is affected by farming practices. The results show the necessity of adopting new environment-friendly agricultural methods to conserve the high number of endemic weed species under threat in Turkey.  相似文献   

E7 (1057ΔTA) mutation of the acidic α‐glucosidase gene causes Pompe's disease in Droughtmaster cattle          下载免费PDF全文

RE Lyons  DJ Johnston  MR McGowan  A Laing  B Robinson  H Owen  BD Hill  BM Burns 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(5):138-142

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新疆甜菜高产高效益优化农艺措施     

聂文魁  王燕飞  杨洪泽  刘华君  刘军  高卫时  张立明  热西提 《中国糖料》2002,(4):18-20

采用3因素5水平二次通用旋转回归试验设计方法,选取密度、种肥量、追肥量3项对甜菜高产、高效益起关键作用的农艺措施进行量化分析,提出直播方式下的高产、高效益模型,获得了60t/hm2以上和净收益7000元/hm2以上的优化农艺措施组合方案为:密度8.42～8.34万株/hm2,种肥222～248.4kg/hm2,追肥383～408.6kg/hm2。  相似文献   

Effect of cattle breed on innate resistance to inoculations of Babesia bigemina     

RE BOCK  TG KINGSTN  NF STANDFAST  AJ de  VOS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(7):465-466

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βbT-mannosidosis in Salers calves in Australia     

PJ HEALY  GN KIDD  RE REUTE  C BUNCE  I HOSIE  T STAPLETON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(6):145-145

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A comparison of two intramuscular doses of xylazine–ketamine combination and tolazoline reversal in llamas     

WR  DuBois  TM Prado  JCH Ko  RE Mandsager  GL Morgan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):114-115

The anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a low dose (LD, 0.4 mg kg^?1 xylazine and 4 mg kg^?1 ketamine) and a high dose (HD, 0.8 mg kg^?1 xylazine and 8 mg kg^?1 ketamine) of IM xylazine–ketamine combination were compared in a randomized cross‐over study using six castrated male llamas. Three llamas in each dosage group (LDT, HDT) were assigned to receive IM tolazoline (2 mg kg^?1) after 30 minutes of recumbency. All IM injections were given in the semitendinosus or semimembranosus muscles. Pulse, respiratory rate, and indirect arterial blood pressure were recorded every 10 minutes, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation was recorded every 5 minutes during lateral recumbency. Samples for arterial blood gas analysis were collected 5 minutes following recumbency and every 30 minutes thereafter. Base‐to‐apex ECG was monitored continuously. Analgesia was evaluated every 5 minutes by both a 30 minutes skin pinch and a needle prick of the toe. Most llamas breathed room air throughout anesthesia. Two llamas that developed severe hypoxemia (SpO₂ < 75%) received 5 minutes of nasal oxygen insufflation, but were maintained on room air for the rest of the anesthetic period. anova for repeated measures and Tukey's test were used to analyze cardiorespiratory data. Fischer's exact test was used to compare the ability of each to provide >30 minutes of lateral recumbency and analgesia. A p‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Both dosages provided reasonably rapid induction following injection (LD: 10.8 ± 6.3 minutes; HD: 5.0 ± 1.1 minutes; p = 0.07). Duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia were 34.7 ± 6.7 and 27.3 ± 4.6 minutes, respectively, in the LDT llamas. None of the three remaining LD llamas remained in lateral recumbency for longer than 12 minutes. Duration of lateral recumbency and analgesia were 87.3 ± 18.5 and 67.7 ± 16.0 minutes, respectively, for the HD llamas that did not receive tolazoline. The HDT llamas were recumbent for a significantly shorter time (43.3 ± 0.6 minutes; p = 0.05). The ability to provide >30 minutes of recumbency and analgesia was better in the HD group (6/6) than in the LD group (2/6) (p = 0.03). No differences between dosages were seen in pulse rate, respiratory rate, or arterial pressures. No ECG abnormalities were seen. Transient hypoxemia was seen in the first 10 minutes of lateral recumbency in the HD group by both hemoglobin oxygen saturation (84 ± 9.5%) and by blood gas PaO₂ (44.5 ± 5.8 mm Hg). It was concluded that the HD provided more consistent results than the LD, but induced transient hypoxemia. Tolazoline shortened the recovery time in llamas receiving the HD.  相似文献